Role of Opioidergic System in Humoral Immune Response
نویسندگان
چکیده
The initial idea that exogenous opiates can affect immune function was first floated in 1898 when Cantacuze described the effect of opium on leukocyte phagocytosis in guinea pig model. Recently findings from several investigators (Quaglio et al., 2002; Nath et al., 2002; Georges et al., 1999; Vallejo et al., 2004; Roy et al., 2006; Somaini et al., 2008) support the role of opiates in suppressing a variety of immunological end points in opiate abusers. Endogenous opioids seem to have a physiological role in modulating the Th1/Th2 balance, by reducing Th1 and enhancing Th2 representative cytokines. Exogenous opioids, on the other hand, seem to display various different modulatory profiles on the immune function, according to the drug under consideration. In this regard, available evidence shows that while morphine and heroin are liable to attenuate the immune response, long-acting opioids that are used in withdrawal treatment, such as methadone and buprenorphine, are largely devoid of immunosuppressive activity. Opioids can also influence the immune function through the activation of the descending pathways of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis (HPA) and the sympathetic nervous system (Vallejo et al., 2004). This review on role of opioidergic system in humoral immune response summarizes the effect of opiate receptor polymorphism on innate and adaptive immunity, identifies the role of the mu opioid receptor in these functions, and finally discusses how changes in these parameters may increase the risk for opportune infections in drug dependent subjects or attenuate the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
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تاریخ انتشار 2012